Introduction to Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a disorder of the heart characterized by irregular heartbeat leading to improper functioning of the heart. Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of arrhythmia (improper rhythm and speed of heart beats) and is commonly noticed in adults above the age of 80 years with a higher incidence in men.¹

Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is caused due to ineffective or improper functioning of the heart’s electrical system wherein the atria (upper chambers of the heart) tremble instead of beating/contracting regularly. This causes pooling of blood 
 

Signs and Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation

Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation

In many individuals, atrial fibrillation may not cause any signs and symptoms during the initial stages. As the condition progresses, it may give rise to various clinical features such         

Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation

The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is based on a comprehensive review of the signs and symptoms noted, physical examination, imaging studies and certain laboratory investigations. The examining doctor listens to the heartbeat with a stethoscope and also checks for the pulse rate. Additional tests that are advised include blood tests (to rule out other underlying conditions) and imaging studies such as chest X-ray, ECG and echocardiography. In certain cases, specialized tests such as holter monitoring (continuous 24 hour ECG monitoring) and exercise testing may also be advised to get a clear picture of the functioning of the heart.^3,4

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is treated by various approaches depending upon the severity of the symptoms. Medications that belong to the group of calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics and cardiac glycosides are     

Complications for Atrial Fibrillation

The complications of atrial fibrillation include the following:

Prevention for Atrial Fibrillation

Prevention is always at most important in order to avoid atrial fibrillation and its related complications. Prescribed medications are to be strictly taken. The incidence of atrial fibrillation increases considerably with advancing age hence, regular physical exercise, proper diet and healthy habits play a vital role in its prevention.